完善我国海难救助报酬分配的几点建议

救助报酬的分配是海难救助制度中一个至关重要的方面。分配方案的合理与否,公正与否直接影响鼓励救助这一目的的实现。分析了我国有关海难救助报酬分配的现状,比较、借鉴有关救助公约和英、美、日等国家国内法,为其完善提出了几点修改建议。     

结构水下爆炸响应的恢复与冲击谱计算

由于传感器受高强度冲击作用,实测的结构水下爆炸响应信号可能偏离正常特征,为进一步分析响应信号带来困难.文中针对实测加速度信号的噪声特征,对信号采用SVD及ARMA滤波处理,先恢复真实的响应信号,然后在此基础上,给出正确的冲击谱计算结果.计算结果说明了SVD结合无相差滤波能够准确分离具有阶跃特征的低频噪声信号,对低频段的冲击响应谱计算精度有利.     

体外预应力混凝土结构耐久性防护问题的探讨

运用化学及结构振动原理,阐述了体外预应力筋腐蚀破坏机理,分析了体外预应力筋振动频率对梁正常使用的影响。在以上基础上,针对体外预应力混凝土结构在耐久性方面存在的问题,提出了体外预应力筋系统耐久性防护的技术措施。     

水下爆炸作用下船舶结构与燃气轮机动态响应的数值研究

本文对水下爆炸作用下舰船结构及燃气轮机结构冲击响应进行了数值研究.首先,基于CEL方法建立了近自由面水下爆炸流固耦合动力学模型.然后结合燃气轮机-船体一体化仿真分析方法,对不同水下爆炸工况下的舰船结构冲击环境,以及燃气轮机冲击损伤特性进行了评估分析,总结了工况参数对燃气轮机冲击响应特征的影响规律,旨在为舰用燃气轮机抗冲击设计提供技术参考.     

高速铁路隧道高瓦斯大断面施工关键技术

针对刘家庄隧道出口段高瓦斯大断面隧道的自身特点,采取了无轨运输方案,对隧道施工的主要机械设备进行防爆改装,通过采取合理的开挖衬砌技术,引入瓦斯、视频系统及人员实时、动态监控系统,为隧道施工安全提供了可靠的保证,并且施工速度较快。     

体外预应力高强混凝土薄壁箱梁试验研究

进行了体外预应力高强混凝土薄壁箱梁从预应力钢绞线张拉到承载力极限破坏这一全过程的试验研究,研究了体外预应力损失及应力增量、跨中截面应力—应变分布以及跨中挠度和抗裂性能等问题。研究结果表明:体外预应力高强混凝土薄壁箱梁预应力损失实测值与现行规范计算值基本吻合,探讨了其截面受压翼缘有效分布宽度和体外预应力筋应力增量的变化规律,初步揭示了体外预应力高强混凝土薄壁箱梁在混凝土开裂前和受拉非预应力钢筋屈服后混凝土受压翼缘存在不同的剪力滞效应,并提出了相应状态下的受压翼缘有效分布宽度系数。     

基于部分集卡到达信息的码头进口箱翻箱优化

集装箱码头进口箱提箱作业过程中,由于外集卡到达时间的不确定性,存在外集卡提箱顺序与目标箱的堆存位置不一致,从而产生大量翻箱.为了解决这一问题,本文以期望翻箱量最小为落箱位置的选择原则,提出最小化二次翻箱启发式算法,利用算例验证算法的有效性,分析集卡到达的信息质量对进口箱提箱翻箱的影响,根据集卡到达信息质量的不同选择最佳翻箱规则.结果表明:提出的翻箱策略可以在获得部分集卡到达信息下有效地减少翻箱,针对不同的集卡到达信息质量,采取相应翻箱规则进行翻箱作业能有效减少翻箱,提高码头堆场的作业效率.     

Protective effect of polymer coating on the circular steel plate response to near-field underwater explosions

To understand the intrinsic strong interaction between the soft coating and near-field underwater explosion, a series of comparative live fire tests are implemented. Nine steel circular plates with three configurations (i.e. rubber coated plate, foam coated plate and bare plate) are tested using 1.5 g PETN detonator. The stand-off between the plate center and explosive charge is ranged from 3.41 to 1.14 times of the maximum bubble radius. The transient strain history of the plate and acceleration history of the metal base fixture are monitored. The whole explosion process including local cavitation and bubble motion is recorded by an APX-RS high speed camera. Test results show that the compressibility of coating layer is the dominative factor that controls its protective performance in the shock wave loading phase. The more compressible foam coating distinctly reduce the shock wave intensity by local cavitation before enters the densification phase, while the explosion bubble shape and even the direction of water jet can also be changed. But the attenuation performance in the bubble loading phase is not as optimistic as that in the shock wave phase because more deformation space is required while the core has often entered the densification phase.     

How do economies of density in container handling operations affect ships’ time and emissions in port? Evidence from Norwegian container terminals

Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working.     

基于MARC外水切压缩负荷优化

本文介绍了外水切CAE模型分析外水切压缩负荷的方法。压缩压缩负荷是外水切的一个重要参数,压缩负荷的设计不合理,会直接影响玻璃的升降和刮水性能。利用MARC可以对外水切截面进行有限元分析,在设计前期可以指导工程师进行截面优化,得到合理的压缩负荷。